[1] Testimony of Gary A. Roselle, M. D. Program Director for Infectious Diseases Veterans Health Administration Department of Veterans Affairs Before the Subcommittee on Benefits Committee on Veterans’ Affairs U.S. House of Representatives April 13, 2000 http://hcvets.com/data/va_news/testimony_of_gary_a.htm 

LEONARD B. SEEFF, M.D. 1998 Hepatitis C Statement
whereas 3% were infected with hepatitis B, 21% had markers of hepatitis C virus infection.

One in 10 Vets have Hepatitis C -A study conducted by the VHA, and involving 26,000 veterans, shows that eight to 10 percent of all veterans in the VHA system tested positive for hepatitis C. In this study, veterans who served in Vietnam accounted for more than 60 percent of those with positive test results. http://hcvets.com/data/va_news/alf1in10.htm 

Hepatitis C: Silent Epidemic, Mute Public Health Response
Seventh Report By The Committee On Government Reform And Oversight http://hcvets.com/data/va_news/testimonyMuteResponse.htm

 From our own experience at the San Francisco VA Medical Center, HCV disease is a common problem....10 per cent of hospitalized veterans were seropositive for HCV. This is substantially lower...San Francisco General hospital where the seroprevalence is 30 per cent
http://hcvets.com/data/va_news/statementTeresaWright.htm

[2] The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs by Edward M. Brecher and the Editors of Consumer Reports Magazine, 1972 some 90 to 95 percent of all GI users sniffed ("snorted") the drug or inserted a little in a cigarette and smoked it. http://hcvets.com/news_letter/drugusenam.htm

Recreational Drug Information Website relatively few were either dysfunctional or addicted users after their return to the United States (58)  http://www.drugtext.org/reports/fada/fada1.htm

Hepatitis C in Vietnam Era Veterans Bradford Waters, M.D. Staff Hepatologist, Memphis VA Medical Center, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis  90-95% of addicts smoked heroin and only 5-10% of that group injected http://hcvets.com/data/hepatitis_c_in_vietnam_era_veter.htm

Health status of Vietnam veterans. II. Physical health. The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. JAMA 1988;259(18):2708-2714. A study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the health status of Vietnam veterans found 3% had used “hard drugs,” including amphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine, heroin, psychedelics, phencyclidine and methaqualone.

[3] HCVets.com Transmission Methods for HCV http://hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/transmission.htm

[4]  CDC Fact Sheet = Reported numbers of infected people by the CDC, 3,900,000,  http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/c/fact.htm
 
[5] NIH Consensus Statements Management of Hepatitis C: 2002 June 10-12, 2002  Vol. 19, No. 1 FINAL STATEMENT August 27,2002 HCV is the most common chronic blood-borne infection  develop cirrhosis 20 years after initial infection as high as 20 to 30 percent in middle-aged subjects http://consensus.nih.gov/cons/116/116cdc_intro.htm

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease Twenty percent of patients develop cirrhosis within 10 to 20 years of the onset of infection Liver failure from chronic hepatitis C is one of the most common reasons for liver transplants in the United States. Hepatitis C is the cause of about half of cases of primary liver cancer in the developed world. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/digest/pubs/chrnhepc/chrnhepc.htm

(K70,K73–K74) National Vital Statistics Vol 49 No 11 Deaths: Leading Causes for 1999- by Robert N. Anderson, Ph.D. Division of Vital Statistics    Table 1 page 15 all races and both sexes, ages 25–34 years is the tenth leading causes of death.  For age 45–54, the sixth leading cause of death
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_11.pdf

[6]  VA Study A comparison of hepatitis C treatment and outcomes at academic, private and Veterans' Affairs treatment centres D. M. Jensen*, S. J. Cotler*, H. Lam, G. Harb & A. Shillington§
 .... End-of-treatment viral response for Veterans' Affairs centers, 17.2%  http://hcvets.com/data/hcv_liver/va_clear_rate.htm

[7]  Veterans' Health Care: Observations on VA's Assessment of
Hepatitis C Budgeting and Funding (25-APR-01, GAO-01-661T). http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.21&filename=d01661t.txt&directory=/diskb/wais/data/gao

[8]  CDC states no association with military service http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/c_training/edu/1/epidem-trans-1.htm

[9]  Drug paraphernalia attributes to about 60% of HCV transmission  http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/c_training/edu/1/epidem-trans-9.htm

[10]  Needle and syringe exchange and educational programs shown to be effective in preventing HIV are also useful for decreasing HCV transmission. http://webmd.lycos.com/content/article/1678.50912

Sniffing, Snorting Drugs May Raise Hepatitis C Risk "The study suggests that sniffing or snorting heroin with cocaine is a risk factor for HCV infection," lead author Dr. Beryl A. Koblin of the New York Blood Center http://hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/sniffing.htm

National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Post Bag 33, CIT Road Scheme XM, Kolkata 700010, India (e-mail:kamal412496@yahoo.com) "this continuous increase in HCV infection among IDUs, despite the needle and syringe exchange programme, is a cause for concern. The cause of this striking increase in HCV infection is unclear." http://hcvets.com/transmission_methods/druguseincreasehcvhiv.htm

[11]  Ford Hospital warns patients about hepatitis Testing instruments possibly contaminated June 25, 2002 BY PATRICIA ANSTETT AND HUYI JIN ELIZABETH KIM FREE PRESS MEDICAL WRITERS Olympus America can be reached at 631-844-5688,  www.olympus.com.  Contact PATRICIA ANSTETT at 313-222-5021 or anstett@freepress.com. Contact HUYI JIN ELIZABETH KIM at 313-223-4439 or kim@freepress.com.
http://hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/sporadic_transmission.htm

100 women at risk after GP blunder by Camillo Fracassini and Sue Leonard 
UP TO 100 women have been put at risk of contracting HIV and hepatitis after they were given cervical smear tests using unsterilized equipment. http://hcvets.com/facts_documentation.htm#100 women

[12] Non-Drug related transmission of Hepatitis C Excerpt from Documented USA Media Reports, Scientific Journals and Government Agencies on  Non-Drug Related Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus
2003-2005

[13] Sterilants and Disinfectants Hepatitis C Survives Treatment with Commercial Sterilants and Disinfectants