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The
Hepatitis C epidemic is discovering what was. In 1988, 242,000 Hepatitis
C infections were reported annually. These high figures were reported
from the 1960s throughout 1980s. Since 1989 and mandatory heating or
washing of blood products, the annual number of new infections had
declined more than 80 percent by 1998.
The conditions that existed
during the Vietnam & Cold War era for processing blood, blood products
and vaccines were appalling. The blood was not heated despite hundreds
of warnings from federal scientists to do so. The arm pits of foreign
countries, skid row USA and prisons supplied over fifty percent of the
nations blood supply during this time. Scientist began to scream "HEAT THE BLOOD"
as early as 1968. Needless to say their warnings were
ignored.
In 1948, The government began
experimentation on prisoners with hepatitis, as a result, prisons have
been in epidemic status since 1963. The facilities and other
questionable sources, supplied at least fifty percent of the blood
processed here and 30% of the blood processed in Canada (Krever
Commission Report). The products sold to Canada were turned into immune
globulin vaccines & freeze dried (lyophilized) blood and blood products.
These products were resold back to the US military. The products were
not processed according to the strict standards in place today.
The blood supply
is responsible for
HBV/HCV/HIV and other blood borne pathogen epidemics. The high infection rates reported, decreased 80%, once
effective detergents were added to blood products that couldn't be
heated.
The military personnel
infected shared toothbrushes, manicure items, razors and
rags. They had
surgery, dental or medial, and received injections with
reusable needles. All had finger sticks with reused lancets by technicians that
did not wear gloves. Everyone was vaccinated by jet injection and
reused bifurcated (two-pronged) needle that is dipped into the
small pox vaccine
solution.
In 1959 a test was developed to detect elevated liver enzymes.
Another test, the HB Core Test was developed in 1972, and commercially
available since 1975. Nether test was used until 1986. Why?
Because the
collectors had to pay for the test and then reject donors that
tested positive. It would have cost billions of dollars to implement
testing.
Click on the titles to view articles
-
1948
Experimentation with Hepatitis
April 5, 1948 letter from C.J. Watson,
M.D., Army Epidemiological Board to Dr. McLeod, with a copy to
Dr. Stokes and others
Dear Dr. MacLeod: I have given careful consideration in the past few
weeks to the matter of using volunteers in penal institutions for
experimentation, with particular reference to hepatitis.
-
The Blood,
Plasma, and Related Programs in the Korean War
A plasma program was
also developed which later had to be discontinued because of the
risk of serum hepatitis associated with plasma infusions (p. 776).
The production of human serum albumin was substituted for the
production of plasma and was supplemented by the production of
plasma expanders (the so-called blood substitutes of World War II).
-
1995 Philadelphia Inquirer
final Section: EDITORIAL REVIEW & OPINION Page: E01 SUNDAY
April 16, It
is one of the little-known stories of World War II. Had more attention
been paid to it, hemophiliacs in the United States might not be dying
now at the rate of one a day. It was 1944, five years into the war
-
1969 New York Times
Washington,
July 28 -- The 59-year old doctor, whose companies have been blamed
for the repeated use of dangerous methods and inadequate equipment,
is estimated to have produced the plasma for about a fourth of an
important byproduct that is widely used to protect people exposed to
infectious diseases.... An executive of Cutter Laboratories once
acknowledged, for instance, that gross contamination was apparent in
the areas where the largest blood plasma operations were conducted.
The rooms were "sloppy," he observed...When a Government doctor
asked why Cutter continued to reward such an enterprise with
hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of business, the executive
explained that the Stough group enjoyed crucial "contacts" with well
placed officials. ......
With neither Government nor
industry intruding, with most of their records held in secret,
with officials passing the problem on to someone else, Dr.
Stough prospered at his work throughout the
nineteen-sixties. .......
The gamma globulin from most donors contains enough antibodies
against such diseases as measles and hepatitis to be effective
when it is reinjected into a person who has been exposed to
those diseases. ....Groups of donors receive vaccinations to
build up the antibodies in the gamma globulin intended to treat
these illnesses. The result is known as hyperimmune gamma
globulin, and much of the plasma Dr. Stough extracted was used
by manufacturers to produce this serum. It can be a hazardous
process. ........... By April, 1963, five months after Dr.
Stough had opened his plasmapheresis center at Kilby, the
incidence of viral hepatitis an often fatal disease of the
liver, was climbing sharply. ................At Kilby, for
example, 28 per cent of the men who participated in Dr. Stough's
program came down with the disease. For those who did not take
part, the rate was only 1 percent. .....
.
The Food and Drug
Administration, citing regulations of the Department of Health,
Education and Welfare, refused requests by The Times to examine
its records on Dr. Stough. A spokesman for the agency said,
however, that since 1963 the physician has carried out some 130
investigational studies for 37 drug companies. Other types of
tests and work by an associate involved 45 additional
programs. ......The F.D.A. declined to disclose the names of the
drugs that Dr. Stough examined or the names of the companies for
which he worked. Some of the information has been obtained from
other sources, however. .......Dr.
Stough incurred no Federal disfavor for the hepatitis epidemic
in three states because the disease apparently was routinely
killed out in the manufacturing process that turned his plasma
into gamma globulin. ..............." (see
this link)
What about the
communicable disease center, which traced the hepatitis epidemic
directly to Dr. Stough's programs? That agency, a spokesman
said, is only a consultant to the states. Enforcement is up to
the state authorities. ...............
CUMMING PRISON
The FDA has suspended plasma
production at the Arkansas Department of Correction facility at
Grady, where an average of 550 to 600 inmates have been giving
plasma since 1967, but now is setting an April 23 deadline for
the prison system to seek a hearing on the proposed permanent
revocation.
-Overbleeding of inmate donors;
-Using donors previously disqualified because of a history or
symptoms of hepatitis, which can be transmitted through plasma;
-Inadequate storage of plasma to prevent contamination; and
-Failure to note on the plasma whether testing had been done for
signs of hepatitis and syphilis.
-
American Society of Microbiology
June, 1999 Several Huge Lawsuits
Pending Over Tainted Blood in Canada One available source of such
plasma was Health Management Associates (HMA), a private company
which ceased operations in 1994. ...acquired blood plasma from
prisoners, .... had been officially terminated in 1971 in Canada--
and in 1982 in the United States ....NOT SO … prison plasma pumped
through 1994 in BOTH Arkansas and Louisiana under Liddy Dole's
"revamped" blood system].
Nonetheless, prisoners at the
Department of Corrections unit in Grady, Ark., some of whom had
symptoms ... were still permitted to donate plasma.
"Unbelievably, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration] allowed the
high-risk plasma to be exported to Canada .....
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BLOOD BROKER INVESTIGATED BY FBI
IN 1974 - Foundation
for 1980s Tainted Blood Scandal Washington Weekly 4/18/99 By Ricki Magnussen
"The procedure started a few months ago
when in New York the FBI found out that this firm violated the
law. Bureau of Biological (BB) states: FDA is keeping a
close eye on their plasma, they have tested so far about 20
lots, of the last six lots four were found to be HB [hepatitis
B] antigen positive.
-
THE
BLOOD BROKERS: HOW BLOOD, THE 'GIFT OF LIFE,' BECAME
A BILLION-DOLLAR BUSINESS
Gilbert M. Gaul, Inquirer Staff Writer
PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER; FINAL Page: A01
SUNDAY September 24, 1989
First in a series
The potential for
fatal mistakes is "a ticking time bomb," said Frank E. Young,
commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration........No one - not
the federal government, not the blood banks themselves - knows for
sure how much blood is bought and sold on the open market. There are
no requirements that sales be reported; no government agency keeps
track.........All of which should be of grave concern to Americans,
for the very safety of the nation's blood supply is at stake.......
Blood collectors say they have done everything possible to ensure
the safety of the blood supply. Yet confidential documents show the
industry ignored or delayed using readily available tests and
procedures to make blood and transfusions safer.
* At a time when AIDS was
showing up in the blood supply in the early 1980s, the FDA reduced
its inspections of blood-collecting facilities from once a year to
once every two years.
* Thousands of pints of
suspect blood and other blood components have been released by blood
banks and commercial plasma centers as a result of testing errors,
computer problems and other mistakes.
This haphazard system exists
because the United States has failed to develop a comprehensive
blood program that ensures adequate, safe supplies to all regions of
the country at fair prices.....The United States is one of only a
handful of Western nations that leave the collection and
distribution of blood scattered among a patchwork of private and
quasi-public groups....."What we have is not so much a system as a
non-system," said Norman R. Kear, administrator of the Red Cross'
blood center in Los Angeles. "Blood-collecting groups like the Red
Cross cooperate when it is in their interest to cooperate, and when
it's not in their interest, they fail to cooperate."
-
Philadelphia Inquirer
April 16,1995 “On the Trail of Tainted Blood-gives an
in-depth report of our Governments knowledge of Hepatitis transmission.
“A 1976 government report recited this U.S. Food and Drug
Administration definition of safety for biologic products: "Safety
means the relative freedom from harmful effect to persons affected by a
product when prudently administered, taking into consideration the
character of the product in relation to the condition of the recipient at
the time.
“Thomas
C. Drees says hepatitis was considered an unfortunate but unavoidable
downside of the business…. In an interview, said that when he
joined the industry in 1972, "it was sort of accepted that all of the
workers in our plant were positive for hepatitis B, and so were all the
hemophiliacs, and it was accepted that all the hemophiliacs would probably
die of hepatitis at some time in their lives." "But when AIDS
came on the scene . . . then they started heat-treating - and, son of a
gun, it got rid of most of the AIDS," Drees said. Had the government
demanded heating earlier to kill hepatitis B, he said, "I think that
would have saved the game" when AIDS erupted.” “One published
study, performed by federal health researchers from 1968 to 1971...
concluded that hepatitis B was a common occurrence in plasma-industry
workers. Similar studies already had been done at blood banks and
hospitals.”
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AFIDAVIT OF THOMAS DREES
This
is the
AFFIDAVIT
OF THOMAS DREES
STATE OF CALIFORNIA Thomas C. Drees Sworn Dec. 15, 1988: He has
been retained as an expert witness in the case of John Doe v. Cutter He
is an expert in the area of the manufacturing, marketing, safety, supply,
and processing of blood products. He was the Chief Executive Officer of
Alpha Therapeutics, one of the Defendants in this case, from 1978 to
November 1983.
He states he has seen “documents
which indicate fractionators in conjunction with Dennis Donohue of the FDA
and the AABB and ARC
conspired to prevent the use of the HB Core Test from
being implemented to prevent having to incur the expense of the test to
avoid having to reject donors who were positive for the test.”
“It is
now clear to me that the HB Core Test should have been used from the time
it became available through Abbott Laboratories in 1975.”
“there was such resistance to the use of the HB Anti Core Test by the
blood industry, and the blood industries resistance to take the most
obvious and needed precautions to the AIDS epidemic convinces me
that there was a concerted effort by the influential leaders of the blood
industry to save dollars at the expense of lives, even when it was clear
beyond any doubt that there was widespread contamination of the blood
supply.
-
THE GLOBE AND MAIL
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1975
Federal regulations
violated Contamination problems danger of infection reported at Connaught- Among the most serious were the
"grossly
inadequate" quarters for control testing of Sabin polio vaccine.
-
Blood Money
1976 Maclean’s Magazine December 27,1976 Health
The
Arkansas prison system has been in near-perpetual crisis since at least
1970, ‘The plasma program
began in the 1960s as a way for inmates and the prison system to make
extra money. " they would say, 'No, I've just given plasma.' It was
clear they were sick."
-
1971 June Daily Colonist
Friday 25, Victoria, BC “All blood distributed by the Red Cross
transfusion service in BC is being tested for an elusive form of
hepatitis, the origins of which have been discovered only during the past
two years.”
1969:
On June 9, 1969, Dr. D.M. McArtor, then Deputy Director of Research and
Technology for the Department of Defense, appeared
before the House Subcommittee on
Appropriations to request funding for a project to produce a
synthetic biological agent for which humans have not yet acquired a
natural immunity. Dr. McArtor asked for $10 million dollars
to produce this agent over the next 5-10years. The Congressional Record
reveals that according to the plan for the development of this germ agent,
the most important characteristic of the new disease would be "that
it might be refractory [resistant] to the immunological and and
therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease".
AIDS
first appeared as a public health risk ten years later.
In 1970,
a study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health, published
in the Journal of the American Medical Association, warned that just one
unit of hepatitis-contaminated plasma could contaminate an entire pool.
Diluted 10 million times, it still was infectious.
1969~1974
- VA - Anicteric hepatitis [HCV]
has developed four times [400%]more frequently than icteric [HBV]
hepatitis, the total incidence for all 6 years being 11.3%. There
is indirect evidence to suggest that an undefined agent is responsible for
the majority of instances of post-transfusion hepatitis occurring
presently. PMID: 1235478
1973
- Should we try to prevent epidemic hepatitis at present? PMID: 4360123
1975 "A General Accounting Office (GAO) study of FDA revealed that
150
FDA officials owned stock in the companies they were supposed to
regulate." -Barry Lynes, _The Healing of Cancer_, Marcus Books, Box 327,
Queensville, Ontario, L0G 1R0, Canada, 1989, pg. 22
"Since 1965, federal
executive orders and implementing
regulations have prohibited employees from engaging in outside
activities that are not compatible with the full and proper
discharge of the duties and responsibilities of their government
employment. The prohibition includes activities that involve the
acceptance of a fee or anything of value in circumstances in
which acceptance may result in or create the appearance of
conflict of interest or that may result in the appearance using
public office for private gain." (United States General
Accounting Office, GAO/GGD-92-34 Employee Conduct Standards,
February 1992). Despite this, FDA has a documented history of
conflict of interest.
"In
1964, Congressman Melvin Laird (Wisconsin), demanded from FDA
data concerning the number of FDA officials who left the agency
to take their next job with FDA-regulated industry. FDA
responded that one in ten (83 of 613) who left FDA between 1959
and 1964 had done so."
-Omar Garrison, _The Dictocrats_, ARC Books, New York, 1970
"A
study conducted by the US Congress in 1969 revealed that 37 of
49 top FDA officials who left the agency moved into high
corporate positions with the large companies they had
regulated."
-Barry Lynes, _The Healing of Cancer_, Marcus Books, Box
327, Queensville, Ontario, L0G 1R0, Canada, 1989, pg. 22
1977,
the World Federation of Hemophilia called on the makers of clotting
concentrates to kill viruses in their products
1978 -
Transfusion
hepatitis: the blood label could make you liable. PMID: 703480
1980 -
Post-transfusion
hepatitis B: a presently treatable problem? PMID:7428649
1980
- Post-transfusion hepatitis: can the problem be solved today?
PMID:7353503
1983
A dry-heat process for cleansing blood is developed in the U.S. Internal
documents evidence that the blood products companies knew it was unsafe but marketed it nonetheless
until lawsuits forced a halt around 1987.
11/20/92
–
Newsday
1983-Dr. Thomas Drees
forced out as President of Alpha Therapeutics Co.
because he believes the
blood products they produce are dangerous.
March
1983: The CDC reports that AIDS seems to have spread among hemophiliacs
through unheated blood products. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
approves a heat-treated blood product developed by Travenol Co., now
Baxter World Trade Co.
1984 - 1994.
The center continued to draw prisoners' plasma for another decade and
finally closed its doors in 1994 for a simple reason. It could no longer
find a buyer for its controversial product.
Krever Commission Report
On November 26, 1997, Health Minister Allan Rock, on behalf of the
federal government, released the
final report of the Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada
(Krever Commission).
On November 25, 1998, the Health Minister observed the first
anniversary of the report by reaffirming the federal government's
commitment to blood safety. He added that Health Canada took action
concerning each one of the commission's final recommendations that
concerned the Department.
Volume 1- Introduction
The Scope and Nature of the Inquiry
A nationwide public health calamity occurred in Canada during the late
1970s
and the 1980s. The national blood supply was contaminated with two
infectious
viruses, one causing a newly emerging disease, the other causing a
disease that had existed for many years but had not previously been
identified
precisely. The first of these infectious agents was the human
immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS). It contaminated the blood supply in the late 1970s and early to
mid-
1980s. More than 1,000 persons in Canada were infected with HIV through
the bloo.....Others became infected after using factor concentrates,
blood products used to treat hemophilia, that were made from the pooled
plasma of many thousands of donors. Persons with
severe hemophilia depended on these blood products for their health and
used them as often as several times a week......Suspicion was focused
immediately
on the only element that was common to all their histories, the use of
blood
products. That suspicion became a certainty in 1984, .........
Volume II
The Risk in Factor Concentrates
Volume III
International Responses
Appendix A
In
1993
testimony before a House subcommittee, FDA Commissioner
David A. Kessler said that he believed his agency had erred in its
relationship with the blood industry. The FDA's reliance upon voluntary compliance was "emblematic of our
collegial approach to regulated industry at that time," he said.
"Those days are behind us"
he states.
Note: This is the same excuse given for the
Vioxx scandal in 2005.
WARNING SIGNS: In the 1970s, about 1,500 hospital patients
participated in the Transfusion-Transmitted Viruses Study.
Researchers
concluded that ALT testing could slow the spread of hepatitis C.
However,
the blood testing was delayed for years. The infected blood from the study
is stored at BBI Biotech in Gaithersburg, Md., for future research.
-
Special to ABCNEWS.com
A simple blood test might have prevented hundreds of thousands of cases of
hepatitis
C....
A study back in 1959 showed that blood
donors with raised ALT levels were three to five times more likely
to transmit hepatitis “Perhaps Congress should investigate
why ALT testing was not implemented until 1986.” “ might want
to inquire why the Food and Drug Administration never issued a
formal regulation requiring ALT testing and how blood industry
representatives who sat on government health committees may have
influenced decisions about testing.”
“Is this a typical example of what
governments do after they miss an opportunity to prevent the spread
of
an illness, and is the government
liable in this case?
1999
COMMITTEE OF TEN THOUSAND
What
we have discovered over the years of investigating this issue said Kuhn
is "nothing short of shocking and represents the worst medical scandal
in US history". Even after the CDC warning, these practices continued
unabated according to COTT President, Corey Dubin, who stated that "blood product manufacturers such as the Bayer Corporation, Baxter
Healthcare, and Alpha Therapeutics continued to purchase and use for the
manufacture of blood products prison plasma that they knew was
contaminated with HCV and HIV".
2002
Criminal Charges laid in Canadian Blood
Scandel
It
validates (the knowledge) that my infection was not brought on by
God but by a man-made decision that placed money over my safety," said
McCarthy, on the verge of tears.
The RCMP blood task force charged:
-
The Canadian Red Cross Society,
-
Dr. John Furesz, former director of the
bureau of biologics at the federal government's health protection
branch,
-
Dr. Wark Boucher, former chief of the blood
products division of the bureau of biologics at the health protection
branch,
-
Dr. Roger Perrault, former director of the
Canadian Red Cross Society's blood transfusion service,
-
Armour, a Bridgewater, N.J., pharmaceutical
company,
-
Dr. Michael Rodell, former vice-president of
Armour
2003
-
Red
Cross
Under Fire
FDA inspectors found more than 200 safety
violations.......The Red Cross shipped infected blood, failed to screen
out risky donors, even some who admitted having HIV, and lost track of
more than a thousand units, including small amounts infected with HIV or
Hepatitis C. And some Red Cross employees were told to skip safety steps
or falsify records to allow infected blood to be released. Despite
years of violations, the Red Cross has insisted things can't be that bad
because not many people are getting sick from transfusions.
The FDA needs to, if not take over, heavily oversee a re-design of the
blood system. And in some cases they need to start from scratch," Paul
Cololery, editor in chief of Non-Profit Times tells Attkisson.
-
A Bait-and-Switch Charity - The Scandalous History of the Red
Cross-Charity Navigator gives the Red Cross a Five Star
Rating - yet the history of this corporatized organization
tells a story of unparalleled corruption. ...The leading
administrators and officials of the Red Cross are almost always
drawn from the corporate boardroom or the military high command.
Among the past chairs and presidents of the Red Cross are seven
former generals or admirals and one ex-president.
-
2008
Red Cross penalties more than $19 million in recent years The
Food and Drug Administration has fined the Red Cross an
additional $4.6 million for the distribution of "unsuitable
blood products," bringing penalties against the organization to
more than $19 million in recent years.
-
New
2008
Problems Persist
With Red Cross For 15 years, the
American Red Cross has been under a federal court order to
improve the way it collects and processes blood. Yet, despite
$21 million in fines since 2003 and repeated promises to follow
procedures intended to ensure the safety of the nation’s
blood supply, it continues to fall short
-
Lawsuit
Says Companies Sold Tainted Blood
Cutter
goes to trial
J
Plaintiffs’ claims arise out of the most
egregious misconduct in the history of the pharmaceutical industry,
which resulted in the killing of thousands of hemophiliacs worldwide,
with a continuing death rate of hundreds of victims per year. Defendants
are American corporations which manufactured blood products known as
“Factor VIII” and “Factor IX” for the treatment of hemophilia, and sold
these products to hemophiliacs worldwide, despite knowledge that the
products were manufactured from sick, high risk donors and/or known to
be contaminated with the viruses that cause AIDS and Hepatitis C (now
known as HIV and HCV respectively). Defendants continued selling these
products to hemophiliacs abroad even after the products were no longer
being used in the United States due to the known risk of AIDS and
Hepatitis C transmission. Plaintiffs are hemophiliacs from countries
outside the United States who contracted HIV and/or Hepatitis C through
use of Defendants’ contaminated products.
2005
CLINTON'S
SCOTTISH COURT WARNING
The
Daly Record (UK)
31 October 2005 FORMER US President Bill Clinton may be forced to
appear in court over a medical scandal which claimed the lives of
innocent Scots. Many haemophiliacs were infected with hepatitis C
after tainted blood from American prisoners was imported into the
UK.
Immunoglobulins- used as starter material for many
vaccines.
-
Three
generations of immunoglobulin
1986
The first
purified human immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparation used clinically
was immune serum globulin (ISG), which was prepared in the 1940s by
E. J. Cohn's group. It was originally formulated in water with 0.3 M
glycine at pH 6.8 and was 70%-80% monomeric.
-
Immunoglobulin Transmits Hepatitis C. True or False?
Intramuscular immunoglobulin
preparations are prepared according to the Cohn fractionation
process, which separates the fraction containing antibodies that
neutralize various infectious agents. The resulting preparations are
highly concentrated (16% in solution and containing 160 mg of
protein/mL).
Other manufacturing procedures do not ensure the same safety.
The safety of HCV-RNA-positive
Intramuscular immunoglobulin preparations can be attributed to several
factors: (1) partitioning of
viruses away from immunoglobulin,
(2) inactivation of viruses by
the fractionation process, and
(3) a high concentration of neutralizing antibodies
Human Immunoglobulins for Intravenous Use and Hepatitis C Viral
Transmission
Cohn's method number 6 was particularly amenable to
largescale use. This method results in five major fractions:
fraction I (fibrinogen), fractions II and III (gamma globulins),
fraction IV (alpha and beta globulins), and fraction V (albumin). As
expected, differences in fractionation and purification processes
between manufacturers exist ...Variations of the original Cohn
method (30, 52, 72), combined with more subtle adjustments in
precipitation and filtration conditions, make it difficult to
generalize about a cold alcohol procedure.
-
Outbreak of Hepatitis C Associated with Intravenous
Immunoglobulin Administration —
United States, October 1993–June 1994
-
Safety and availability of
immunoglobulin replacement therapy in relation to potentially
transmissable agents
Clinical
& Experimental Immunology Volume 118 Issue
s1 Page 29 - October 1999... However, the role of
partitioning of viruses cannot be taken in isolation; when
antibodies to HCV were removed following the introduction of
screening, the amount of recoverable HCV-RNA in the various Cohn
fractions changed dramatically as a result of the virus no longer
being complexed with antibody.
28 ...As Cohn–Oncley
fractionation is not sufficient to remove lipid-coated viruses,
additional antiviral inactivation steps are required.
-
INTRAVENOUS (HUMAN) Rho(D) IMMUNE GLOBULIN
For transfusion related
sensitization, treatment is recommended for Rh-negative children and
women of childbearing age who received Rh-positive red cell
containing components
-
Drug Company Admits Unsafe
Vaccines Were Used inoculated in the 1960s and 1970s with toxic whooping cough vaccines
-
Did the Shots Cause HCV
"Intramuscular immune globulin is
safe and has never transmitted hepatitis C or any other infectious disease
as licensed in the United States," said Miriam Alter, the CDC's chief
hepatitis epidemiologist.
-
Hepatitis C Origin
Points
to Possible Military Link Copyright 1999 by Forward Times- DOCUMENTS RAISE
QUESTIONS ABOUT VIETNAM ERA EXPERIMENTS ED WENDT-Documents
obtained by Forward Times under the Freedom of Information Act, for an
investigation of the hepatitis C epidemic, reveal that U.S. servicemen
were used to test experimental vaccines while they were in Basic Combat
Training during the Vietnam
Era”
“ blood samples of American servicemen taken in 1948 were recently
reviewed during a study. Those samples detected the hepatitis C virus.”
1999
-
Benefits and risks due to animal serum used in cell culture
production.
The use of contaminated cells for vaccine production may
result in contaminated vaccines, which may lead to seroconversion or
disease in the vaccinated animal. Contaminated serum or cell cultures may
also interfere with the diagnosis of viral infections. PMID: 10404869
-
Citizens
Against Legal Loopholes
A
Speech Before the Citizens Against Legal Loopholes Rally,
The
Capitol Mall, Washington, D.C., Labor Day Weekend, 1996
By
Leonard G. Horowitz, "So I
began by investigating the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDCs)
official investigation reports on the case. And to make a long story
short, I found the reports to be scientifically bogus. I later learned
that the government had covered-up key evidence in the tragedy in an
effort the maintain the case an unsolvable mystery.
In
essence they had committed scientific fraud and misconduct and, in the
process, concealed the most incriminating evidence against the dentist--a
very bright, scientifically trained, ex-military dentist, who believed he
was dying of a virus that the government had created. Yes, you heard me
correctly, a virus that the government had created."
-
EMERGING VIRUSES
1996 by Leonard G. Horowitz AIDS & EBOLA: Nature,
Accident or Intentional" Tetrahedron Inc. Rockport, MA . Foreword
written by W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D. The mixing of vaccine viruses
with others found in the cells and tissues used to develop the vaccine
can potentially lead to the development of new recombinant mutants that
are more adaptive and have wider host range than either of the original
viruses. This can especially happen when a live viral vaccine produced
in cells from one species is then given to another species.
-
Vaccine Dangers
Although the public has heard about side effects of vaccines, most
people are clueless about the manufacture of vaccines. Few people know that viruses used in vaccine production need to be grown on animal parts
like monkey kidneys, or in chicken embryos, or in human and fetal “cell lines.” Harvesting viruses in human cell-lines can be perilous because
some human cell lines are derived from cancer cells. Most people assume vaccines are “sterile” and germ free. But sterilizing
a vaccine can destroy the necessary immunizing protein that makes it work. Thus, contaminating viruses or viral “particles” can sometime
survive the vaccine process.
-
MORATORIUM ON VACCINES
THE SAN FRANCISCO MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
RECOMMENDED BY NATION OF ISLAM'S HEALTH MINISTER Further, Dr. Horowitz
cites evidence
that Food and Drug Administration (FDA) officials, in charge of testing and approving vaccines for drug makers,
have known of these contamination problems since the early 1970s”
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Petition:
Presumed Service Connection for
Veterans, Active
Military and
Dependents
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