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Victoria, BC
Daily Colonist
Friday
June 25,1971
All blood distributed by the Red
Cross transfusion service in BC is
being tested for an elusive form of
hepatitis, the origins of which have
been discovered only during the past
two years.
A spokesman for the Red Cross blood
service said Thursday from Vancouver
that blood collected in the province
now is screened for a biochemical
particle called the Australia
antigen which induces serum
hepatitis. Serum hepatitis, long
linked with contaminated blood
transfusions and inadequately
sterilized needles and syringes is
as damaging as infective hepatitis,
which has been connected with impure
water.
Health authorities in Greater
Victoria, for example, over the
years have stated that the
infectious hepatitis rate here is
high because of the great number of
septic tanks that drain into ditches
and the untreated sewage that is
washed or piped into the sea.
There were 56 cases of infectious
hepatitis reported here during the
first 5 1/2 months of this year.
However, studies have indicated that
not everyone who consumes
contaminated water comes down with
infectious hepatitis. Such was the
outbreak that befell the Holy Cross
football team from Worcester, Mass.,
last year in which 97 players and
camp followers were exposes to
contaminated drinking water but only
32 developed hepatitis.
However none of those players nor
companions carried the Australia
antigen — so named because it was
first found in the blood of an
Australian aborigine — in their
bloodstreams.
This was one of the first
indications, since confirmed in
other studies, that the antigen
could clearly be associated with
serum hepatitis, similar to
infectious hepatitis in symptoms.
Nevertheless, the factor that
gravely worried blood transfusion
services, and resulted in screening
such as that used in BC, was that
only about half of the serum
hepatitis patients show symptoms of
this serious disease.
The inference to blood transfusions
was alarming — people who appear as
healthy donors might be spreading
this serious disease.In addition to
curbing the spread of serum
hepatitis, the Red Cross tests may
be identifying persons with early
liver cancer and cirrhosis of the
liver.
In one study, a 20-per-cent
incidence of the antigen has been
found in cases of liver cirrhosis
and a 14-per-cent incidence in
cancer cases.
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